Anterior Arch of Atlas C.1

​(L-R)
Atlantoaxial joint
Body of axis (C.2)
Odontoid process
Lateral mass

The Atlas and Axis:

The atlas so named from supporting the globe of the head. In Greek mythology , the Titan Atlas was responsible for bearing the weight of the heavenly bodies on his shoulders as a punishment from Zeus. Atlas is also known as the 'Founder of Astronomy'.
The axis, (Latin ‘axle’ or ‘epistropheus’)  is so named form forming the pivot upon which the head rotates. The term ‘epistropheus’ was first used in the the mid 17th century by Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) who was an English physician.